The second step to optimize memory allocation and garbage collection is to choose the right garbage collector for your application. Java offers several garbage collectors, such as Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1, ZGC, and Shenandoah, each with different characteristics and trade-offs. For example, Serial and Parallel are suitable for small heaps and low-latency applications, while CMS, G1, ZGC, and Shenandoah are designed for large heaps and high-throughput applications. You can use the -XX:+Use option to specify the garbage collector you want to use. You can also use the -XX:+UseAdaptiveSizePolicy option to enable adaptive sizing, which allows the JVM to adjust the heap size and the generation sizes based on the application behavior.